Journal:

Article Title: Increased ventral striatal BOLD activity during non-drug reward anticipation in cannabis users

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.022

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Mean brain activity in the right VS (x = 20, y = 8, z = −4), b) graph showing cannabis and control groups significantly differed in right VS BOLD activity during “win” cue periods (*p<0.05 Independent t-tests) and c) correlation between right VS BOLD activity during the “win” cue period and the number of reported lifetime cannabis joints smoked (r=.6, p<0.05).

Article Snippet: Human imaging studies have also demonstrated that cues for non-drug incentives reliably activate the VS BOLD response for goal-objects ( Knutson et al, 2001 ; O’Doherty, 2004 ), and that reward anticipation increases DA release in this region (Schott et al, 2008).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cannabis, Control

Journal:

Article Title: Increased ventral striatal BOLD activity during non-drug reward anticipation in cannabis users

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.07.022

Figure Lengend Snippet: Post hoc analysis showing a) Mean brain activity in the right ventral putamen (x= 22, y =3, z= −5), b) graph showing cannabis users had a greater BOLD response to “loss” and “win” cues compared with “no-outcome” cues (*p<0.05 Paired t-tests) in the right ventral putamen, c) graph showing cannabis users had a greater BOLD response in the right putamen (x= 19, y =10, z= −1) compared to controls during “win” cue presentation (*p<0.05 Independent t-tests) and d) correlation between right putamen BOLD activity during the “win” cue period and the number of reported life-time cannabis joints smoked (r=.7, p<0.01).

Article Snippet: Human imaging studies have also demonstrated that cues for non-drug incentives reliably activate the VS BOLD response for goal-objects ( Knutson et al, 2001 ; O’Doherty, 2004 ), and that reward anticipation increases DA release in this region (Schott et al, 2008).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Cannabis

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chronic EtOH consumption followed by LPS challenge leads to global ileal gene changes in both WT and fat-1 mice. ( A ) WT and fat-1 mice were either pair-fed (WT n = 4, fat-1 n = 4), EtOH-fed (WT n = 3, fat-1 n = 5), or EtOH-fed + a one-time injection of LPS 24 h before sacrifice (WT-EtOH + LPS n = 4, fat-1 EtOH + LPS n = 4).( B ) Gross RNA-seq data from WT EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH mice, fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH mice, and fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH + LPS mice. Nodes in the red gradient were increased for the given comparison and nodes in the blue gradient were decreased for the given comparison, with the total number of genes listed to the side. ( C ) The number of gene expression changes in response to EtOH + LPS, either exclusive or common to genotype. ( D ) Plot of log 2 (Fold-change ranked genes) for the WT EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH comparison (red increased, blue decreased). ( E ) Plot of log 2 (Fold-change ranked genes) for the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH comparison (red increased, blue decreased). ( F ) Heatmap of GO processes for the WT EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH comparison. ( G ) Heatmap of GO processes for the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH comparison.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques: Injection, RNA Sequencing, Comparison, Gene Expression

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Similarity in transcriptional responses of ileum tissue to EtOH + LPS in WT and fat-1 mice. ( A ) Cluster analysis of ileum genes increased by EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH in both WT and fat-1 mice. Node size indicates relative connectivity. ( B ) Cluster analysis of ileum genes decreased by EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH in both WT and fat-1 mice.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exclusive transcriptional responses increased due to EtOH + LPS in WT and fat-1 mice. ( A ) Cluster analysis of the expression of genes increased exclusively in WT mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH. ( B ) Cluster analysis of ileum genes increased exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH. Node size indicates relative connectivity. Node color indicates relative log 2 (Fold-Change) of genes.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Exclusive transcriptional responses decreased due to EtOH + LPS in WT and fat-1 mice. ( A ) Cluster analysis of ileum genes decreased exclusively in WT mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH. ( B ) Cluster analysis of ileum genes decreased exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH. Node size indicates relative connectivity. Node color indicates relative log 2 (Fold-Change) of genes.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential transcriptional responses in fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH + LPS-treated mice. ( A ) Cluster analysis of ileum genes differentially expressed between fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH + LPS-treated mice. Node size indicates relative connectivity. Node color indicates relative log 2 (Fold-Change) of genes. ( B ) Plot of log 2 (Fold-change ranked genes) for the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH + LPS comparison (red increased, blue decreased). ( C ) Heatmap of GO processes for the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH + LPS comparison.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased n-3 PUFAs enhanced the ileum expression of Btnl-mediated T cell and pro-restorative macrophage gene signatures. ( A ) Heatmap fold change values for ileum Btnl and γδ T cell gene signatures for the WT EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH comparison and the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH comparison. ( B ) Ileum Btnl and γδ T cell gene signature expression for WT EtOH + LPS and fat-1 EtOH + LPS-treated mice. ( C ) Heatmap fold-change values for T h 1, T reg , and T h 17 cell gene markers for the WT EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH comparison and the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH comparison. ( D ) Gene expression of T h 1, T reg , and T h 17cell gene markers in WT EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH + LPS-treated mice. ( E ) Heatmap fold change values for ileum pro-restorative macrophage markers. ( F ) Pro-restorative macrophage gene expression for WT EtOH + LPS and fat-1 EtOH + LPS-treated mice. ( G ) Graphical representation of BTNLs, γδ T cells, and pro-restorative macrophages being enhanced in the ileum by n-3 PUFA enrichment. Statistical significance ( p < 0.05) is denoted by an *.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison, Gene Expression

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased n-3 PUFAs enhanced APRIL-signaling gene expression and IgA + B-Cell markers. ( A ) Heatmap fold-change values for APRIL signaling genes and IgA genes for the WT EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH comparison and the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH comparison. ( B ) APRIL signaling and IgA gene expression for WT EtOH + LPS and fat-1 EtOH + LPS-treated mice. ( C ) Graphical representation of enhanced APRIL signaling and IgA + B cells in the ileum of mice with n-3 PUFA enrichment. Statistical significance ( p < 0.05) is denoted by an *.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Comparison

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ileum Gene Expression in Response to Acute Systemic Inflammation in Mice Chronically Fed Ethanol: Beneficial Effects of Elevated Tissue n-3 PUFAs

doi: 10.3390/ijms22041582

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased n-3 PUFAs attenuated the EtOH + LPS mediated intestinal fibrosis. ( A ) Heatmap fold-change values for pro-fibrotic receptors and markers for the WT EtOH + LPS vs. WT EtOH comparison and the fat-1 EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH comparison. ( B ) Gene expression of pro-fibrotic receptors in WT EtOH + LPS and fat-1 EtOH + LPS-treated mice. ( C ) Gene expression of pro-fibrotic markers in WT EtOH + LPS and fat-1 EtOH + LPS-treated mice. ( D ) Representative Images of Sirius red-stained ileal sections at 200× from WT EtOH + LPS and fat-1 EtOH + LPS-treated (scale bar is 40 μm). ( E ) Quantification of Sirius red staining area relative to total ileum area for WT EtOH + LPS vs. fat-1 EtOH + LPS mice. ( F ) Graphical representation of diminished intestinal fibrosis associated with enhanced n-3 PUFAs. Statistical significance ( p < 0.05) is denoted by an *.

Article Snippet: Gene clusters with decreased expression exclusively in fat-1 mice in response to EtOH + LPS vs. EtOH included those for T cell signaling ( Thy1 , Ccr7 , Cd8b ), small molecule metabolism ( Acly , Acaa1b , Pygb ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling ( Mapk10 , Igf1r , Map2 ), phospholipase D signaling ( Grp , Plcb1 , Dhkh ), protein glycosylation ( B3gnt6 , St3gal3 , St6gal1 ), and ubiquitin proteolysis ( Nedd4 , Ubr2 , Wwp1 ) ( B).

Techniques: Comparison, Gene Expression, Staining